Some professions require people to be on their feet 24x7, like those of a chef, traffic police, doctor, nurse, or an event manager. Standing all day can be detrimental to one’s health. 

Varicose vein and Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) are two diseases which can easily attack people whose daily lifestyle puts a lot of stress on their legs. It is essential to get your leg meticulously checked by expert doctors whenever you see any of these symptoms appearing.

 

Dr. Avik Bhattacharya, Consultant at CMRI Department of Intervention Radiology shares his expert insights on two major leg diseases which is often ignored in the initial stages.

Varicose veins are the veins with damage in the return pump valve. Varicose vein is a commonly occurring condition with up to 10-15 % of the women and men are affected with symptoms of pain and swelling of the lower limbs, enlarged blue veins on the thigh or calf and their accompanying problems like leg aching, eczema, lipodermatosclerosis, cellulitis or venous ulcer.Standing for a long period does not cause varicose veins per se, nevertheless hastens the deterioration of malfunctioning valves which aggravates the development of varicose veins.

Symptoms like aching, discomfort and heaviness in the legs, swollen ankle, brown spots on skin are common. Change in skin colour should be an initial indicator to visit a specialist immediately.Maintain a healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise, avoid prolong standing, wearing high heelsand take good nutritional supplements. Try elevating your legs when resting, and not crossing them when sitting may prevent theadvance of varicose veins.

Accurate diagnosis and proper treatment of varicose veins can ensure that most of them do not recur. Surgery for the varicose veins with any means has got a minimal standard recurrence rate. 

 

However, as the symptoms are unacceptable or unbearable for many people, even if the results of the treatment are not permanent, it is still preferable to no treatment at all. Graduated elastic compression stockings are good for temporary relief of symptoms and are used below knee with standard pressure.Foam Sclerotherapy is an injection of a sclerosing solution into veins and mainly used to treat localized varicosities. 

 

Laser or Radiofrequency treatment involves puncture of the vein under ultrasound guidance and burning the vein with the use of Laser/RF.Laser or Radiofrequency procedure normally takes around 30 minutes for one leg and performed under local anesthesia.The patient can return home the same day of procedure &can resume normal activities within 24 hours. The patient might have a little pain during the procedure as there will be 3-4 small needle pricks to introduce anesthesia and most of the patients can tolerate it very well.

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is often caused by atherosclerosis, where fat deposits (plaques) build up in the arteries and reduce blood flow. In this disease your legs don't receive enough blood flow to keep up with demand. 

 

This causes symptoms, most notably leg pain while walking aka claudication. Intermittent claudication means painful cramps in your hip, thigh or calf muscles after activity, such as walking or climbing stairs. The other features of this disease include coldness in your lower leg or foot, especially when compared with the other side, sores or wounds on your toes, feet or legs that heals slowly and a change in the color of your legs.

The risk of developing PAD includes smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, family history of vascular disease such as PAD, aneurysm, heart attack or stroke & obesity. If peripheral artery disease progresses, it is painful to walk even short distance and it may even occur when you are at rest or when you are lying down. It may be intense enough to disrupt sleep. Hanging your legs over the edge of your bed may temporarily relieve the pain. Severe PAD can lead to loss of limb.  A specialist check for signs of the disease with a simple test of pulses in your feet.

One of the most effective preventive measures of PAD is regular physical activity.You must modify your lifestyle and follow thorough healthy routine in daily life. Eating a nutritious diet can control your blood pressure and cholesterol levels. A diet low saturated fat, trans fat and cholesterol ensures lower blood cholesterol levels, but cholesterol-lowering medication and anti-platelet medications to help prevent blood clots may also be necessary. 

 

Tobacco smoking increases your risk of PAD as well as your risk for heart attack and stroke, so quit smoking.If surgery is prescribed then angioplasty is a form of minimally invasive surgery that intend to access many regions of the body via major blood vessels.  In this procedure, dilatation of the arterial stenosis done along with deployment of metallic stent that relief the symptoms. Surgery is only required when symptoms are severe and ability to perform basic functions like walking, standing have been hampered.